让我们来了解一下可降解塑料带

来源：http://www.sztensun.com/ 日期：2025-04-02

可降解塑料袋是一种在特定环境条件下能够通过自然过程分解为无害物质的塑料袋。以下是关于它的详细介绍：

Degradable plastic bags are a type of plastic bag that can decompose into harmless substances through natural processes under specific environmental conditions. Here is a detailed introduction about it:

材质与原理

Materials and Principles

生物降解材料：常见的有聚乳酸（PLA）、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）、淀粉基塑料等。聚乳酸是由可再生的植物资源（如玉米、甘蔗等）中提取的淀粉原料经发酵、聚合而成，在微生物的作用下，可分解为二氧化碳和水。PBAT 则是一种半结晶型热塑性聚酯，具有良好的生物降解性和加工性能，能在土壤、堆肥等环境中逐渐被微生物分解。淀粉基塑料是将淀粉与其他聚合物共混制成，淀粉部分可被微生物分解，从而使塑料袋整体逐渐崩解。

Biodegradable materials: Common ones include polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), starch based plastics, etc. Polylactic acid is produced by fermenting and polymerizing starch raw materials extracted from renewable plant resources such as corn and sugarcane. Under the action of microorganisms, it can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water. PBAT is a semi crystalline thermoplastic polyester with good biodegradability and processability, which can gradually be decomposed by microorganisms in soil, compost and other environments. Starch based plastics are made by blending starch with other polymers, and the starch portion can be decomposed by microorganisms, gradually causing the plastic bag to disintegrate as a whole.

光降解材料：在塑料中添加光敏剂，如二苯甲酮等。在阳光照射下，光敏剂吸收光能引发塑料分子链的断裂，从而使塑料袋逐渐分解。但光降解塑料袋的降解效果受光照条件影响大，在光照不足的环境中降解速度较慢。

Photodegradable materials: adding photosensitizers such as benzophenone to plastics. Under sunlight, the photosensitizer absorbs light energy and triggers the breakage of plastic molecular chains, gradually causing the plastic bag to decompose. However, the degradation effect of photo degradable plastic bags is greatly affected by light conditions, and the degradation rate is slower in environments with insufficient light.

氧化降解材料：通过在塑料中加入氧化促进剂，使塑料袋在空气中氧气的作用下发生氧化反应，进而实现降解。不过，单纯的氧化降解塑料袋可能无法完全降解为无害的小分子物质，可能会产生一些中间产物。

Oxidative degradation material: By adding an oxidation promoter to plastic, the plastic bag undergoes an oxidation reaction under the action of oxygen in the air, thereby achieving degradation. However, simple oxidative degradation of plastic bags may not completely degrade into harmless small molecule substances and may produce some intermediate products.

优点

advantage

环境友好：可降解塑料袋能在自然环境中分解，减少了传统塑料袋对环境的长期污染，有助于保护土壤、水源和生态系统，降低对野生动物的危害。

Environmentally friendly: Biodegradable plastic bags can decompose in the natural environment, reducing the long-term pollution of traditional plastic bags to the environment, helping to protect soil, water sources, and ecosystems, and reducing harm to wildlife.

资源可持续利用：部分可降解塑料袋的原料来源于可再生资源，如植物淀粉等，这在一定程度上缓解了对石油等资源的依赖，有利于资源的可持续利用。

Sustainable use of resources: Some biodegradable plastic bags are made from renewable resources such as plant starch, which to some extent alleviates the dependence on non renewable resources such as oil and is conducive to the sustainable use of resources.

缺点

disadvantage

成本较高：生产可降解塑料袋的原料和工艺相对复杂，导致其成本普遍高于传统塑料袋，这可能会增加消费者的使用成本，影响其大规模推广应用。

High cost: The raw materials and processes for producing biodegradable plastic bags are relatively complex, resulting in generally higher costs than traditional plastic bags, which may increase consumer usage costs and affect their large-scale promotion and application.

降解条件限制：不同类型的可降解塑料袋需要特定的降解条件，如温度、湿度、微生物环境等。例如，一些生物降解塑料袋需要在堆肥环境中才能快速降解，在普通自然环境中降解速度可能较慢。如果处理不当，可能无法达到预期的降解效果。

Degradation condition limitations: Different types of biodegradable plastic bags require specific degradation conditions, such as temperature, humidity, microbial environment, etc. For example, some biodegradable plastic bags require composting environments to degrade quickly, while the degradation rate may be slower in ordinary natural environments. If not handled properly, the expected degradation effect may not be achieved.

性能有待提高：部分可降解塑料袋的物理性能，如强度、韧性、耐热性等，可能不如传统塑料袋，在实际使用过程中可能容易出现破裂、变形等问题，影响其使用效果。

Performance needs to be improved: The physical properties of some biodegradable plastic bags, such as strength, toughness, heat resistance, etc., may not be as good as traditional plastic bags, and may be prone to problems such as cracking and deformation during actual use, affecting their effectiveness.

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